Internal-combustion engine



- ,Aug-,113051921 yv. F. SMITH INTEBNL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l/////////A l Filed May 23. 1924 g w. F. SMITH INTERNL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Mayf23. 1924 2ySheets-Sheet 2 Fl G. 6

Suva

/39 /fflzw @fsf inder head.

.v the Patented Aug. 30, 1927.

UNITED, sfrArEs trainee.`

WILLrAM F, entrati-r, rone-nnnrsrn, NEW. Yorin, rissrenon on oNnHnLr, 'ro nnmirkarna.I scHAzrz, oF PoUGHKnEPsrn, Naw Yoan;

INTERNALTCOMBUSLQN ENGINR Application filed rMay 23,

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, andparticularly to gasoline engines off the so/-called air cooled type.

The object ofthe inventionjs toA provide a gasoline engine which is simple inv construction and eiiicientfinoperation.

lith this object in view, accordin, f`y to oneof the features ofgthepresent invention, gasoline or other fuelissupplied'to? the engine in a completely vaporized condition, the sprayed fuel being-exposed :to thev heat ofl the engine, preferably by passage through a. chamber in'contact'vviththe cyl? In order to increase-the vvolumetric etliciency'of the engine, the vapori- Zation of 'the fuel takes place before it is mixed with air, -Whereby air reachesV the cylinder head in a relatively cold condition.

In accordance Withanother feature ofthe invention al carburetor,.eontrollingthe delivery of varying amounts of fuel tothe engine, is so arranged-that irrespective of the quantity offuel delivered to the engine, the proportions oi'thefuel mixture remain constant.v The carburetor g herein `disclosed j is particularly vadaptedfor-mixing vaporized hydrocarbon withA` air; K' 1 ,ln accordance with still another feature of the present invent-ion, inv addition-tothe usual throttle, automatic means are provided Which in response to the speed oirotationof` the engine, control `theolu-antity of fuel delivered'thereto. llin-"this manner unnecessary racing ofthjeengine isl prevented.,

Further, features of the invention .have to do With` the coolingvof the cylinder. and cylinder head.. v

ln accordance withY the presentinvention tins or Webs project from both. the cylinder and the head,-v exposingu a. largeV surface .to l

air drawn' in 'by a blovver.` The-construction is soprovided thatpas far-aspossible, these tins are kept intact. Y ThescreWsby means ot which the head is attachedftoA the. cylindenfare'at right-angles to the,r vertical. axis thereoi, 4avoiding thus-the'-V necessity ofv cutting yaway/"cooling fins VforthepurposeY of giving 'access to such screws. The'cylinder head is ca Slof-fsubstantially-uniform thickness throughout.v This' c'hea'pens the casting and insures rapid and Euni-form'cooling ci ythe head- Vand 'uniformy protectionto valves. This lresulthis enhanced also.L .by

1924-." Scrial No'. 715,338.

Widely varying types Without.vr departing from the spiritfoffth'e present invention.

Inthe drawings Fig.A l is a vertical cross- Y section ofzasmuch ot-'a gasolinev engine as is necessary for.` an understanding of the various features offthe. presentinvention; Fig... 2 isa sectionalviewalong `lines 2-2 ofaportion off/Figfl; -Figf is arplan view of l'axcasting (131) Fig-4 isa cross-section of the carburetor takenzalong a linesli'ghtly tothe right of lL-lof Fig. l; Fig. -is. ay similar view takenfal'ong lines 4-4foffFigl and showing ay different adjustmentv of theI carburetor; and Fig.'y 6is af sectional View along, lines--tofllig. l.;

Referring ,to the drawings, `l is ya cylinder provided v with! i a., plurality of`lannularfwebs or "tins y2,5 entirely surrounding the cylinder` and which serve-as coolingfsurfaces. These iins lare` increasing Width as the head Bxis approached, whereby the codingl surfacev is varied, depen-dingenthe amount of heat tobe; dissipated.; The cylinderiheadt is .also

providedfwith annular: cooling` fins 4:v and withffoth'er coolingsurfaces to be hereinafter referred .to Amore: inpdetail.

heatmleveloped is greater in Vthe engine head, proper; cooling.;thereof:` 1s `of Aprime impor.-

tance. fThe-gcylinderfhead isy provided with lugs,- such asll, cooperate. Theends'of the lugs 16iyareta-peredand are adapted,.to-:er1` `gage the. correspondinglytapered' flower i suriace'lot the wehrt); Infassemblingsjthe engine,

Inasmuch as the A' lnasmuch as the contact between webs 12, 13j

and 9, is at an angle to the contact between 8 and 11.y the danger of the head being tipped p to one side during the tightening of screw 1'6 is avoided. The head is in directcontact with the cylinder. the necessity of providing gaskets or other forms of packing being avoided. Owing to this varrangement heat developed in the head is dissipated, not only through its fins but a`so through the cylinder v1. Another important feature ot' the present. arrangement of vattaching the cylinder head is that no large bosses need be provided at the points where the head and the cylinder are bolted together. Large sections of the cooling surface would have to be cut away to make such bolts accessible. Furthermore, the casting of the head and the cylinder would be more difiicult'on account of the unequal thickness of the various parts which, of course, do not cool at the same rate, resulting in distortion of the casting.

The sloping wall 11 of the head forms for a space one of the side walls of the com- 'pression chamber 17 and is surrounded by an annular chamber 18 bounded by three cooling fins 19 forming part of the cooling system of the cylinder head. The fins 19 are not of the same width all around the cylinder head. At one point two of these fins are elongated into fins 2O andv 21 which' terminate in a seat 22A The annular passageway 18 opens into a chamber formed by the fins 2O and 21. Attached to the seat 22 is a casting 23 connected with the gasoline tank at 24. The flow of gasoline through 24 and a vertical bore 25 into the casing 23 is controlled Vby means of a needle valve 2G controlled in turn by a float 27 responsive i to the level of the liquid in casing 23. 28

is a draining plug for the casing 23. Gasoline from the casing 23 passes through a channel 29 controlled by another needle valve 30 through a tube 31.V The tube 31 is set intotlie casing 23 and is surrounded by a second tube 32. The cylindrical space between the concentric tubes 32 and 31 is in communication with the outside atmosphere through a valve 33, which is provided with the usual vertical and horizontal perforations (not shown). rlhe ends of tubes 31 and 32 are tapered and in close proximity toeach other so as to produce the well known Venturi tube effect. These tubes project'within the chamber afforded by the fins 20 and 21 and send a spray of gasoline and air mixture right and left through the passageway 18 around the head 3. Access may be had to the float 27 by removing a cover plate 40 which is attached to a boss of the casing by means of screw 41. Y

The top of the cylinder head 3 is provided with two perforations and 46 which serve as seats for intake and exhaust valves 36, 42, the stems 38,y 43 ot which project through perforations and 51 provided in bosses 52 and cast integral with the cylinder head. The valve stems project with a housing 62 attached to the head at 54 and are controlled by springs 37, 44, cams 39, 47 on rocker arms like 48 and push rod 61 in the wel-known manner. 1t will be iiotedthat the valves are of relatively large diameter permitting complete scavenging action which is faciliated also by their location inthe head. It is necessaryV that' a uniform section of iron and free circulation Vof air be permitted around the valve seats, particularly the seat 45 for the exhaust valve which is subjected to the higher temperatures. so designed that the section of iron 64 between 45 and 46 (Fig. 1) is substantially equal to the total iron on the other sidesvof these valve seats. Furthermore, the cooling effect of air passing above 64 between webs 53 is about the same as that of air passing between webs 55 and fins 4 adjacent to the other sides of the valve seats.

The valves, and particularly the exhaust valve, is further protected Jfrom injury by heat by the provision of two spark plugs and by the location thereof. These spark plugs 7 are placed at diametrically opposite points of the headbetween the two valves The longitudinal axes Vof the spark plugs are a au The present head is 1' and owing to the manner in which they are placed in the head, the flames'of the explosion will uniformly surge around the chamber 17.

lVith a single spark plufY most of the flame is' sucked towards the resulting in burned-out or exhaust port, warped valves.

In order to make room'for valves 36, 42 f of sufficiently Alarge diameter andV also to have sufiicient space between them for the free circulation of air, the head 3 isso shaped that the length on the axisr ofthe valves is greater than the diameter ot' the cylinderV 1, and the mouth of the cylinder is flaring. In` order,rhowever, to reduce ther compression chamber within the head to Vthe Yrequired volume, the head is `constructed with an oval section tapered outwardly. This will be clear from Fig. 2, which is av cylinder, whereby the machining land grinding operation 'are Afacilitatedan'dfthe connec tion with the cam shaft is simplified.

iametrically opposite fins 20, 2,1 the .ins surrounding head 3 take the` form offa webbing enclosing cooling passages' 56, and the lower tace of which is curved, forming the roof of a chamber 57 enclosedonthe lower side by a tin 58 of -the cylinder head. It'should be noted inthis connection that the ent-ire head, including the ns and webbings, is cast of one piece. The iin 58 is curved upward and, together themwebbing 55, affords a seat for a throttle-controlled gas and air mixing device. This device consistsof a sleeve provided with a flange 71 which sets on a. gasket 7 2 provided `in the seat, the positioning ot'lthelsleeve 70y with respect to the member 58 being determined by a dowel pin (notsh'own) projectingfrom the sleeve andfcooperating witha suitably located hole in the member 58. The sleeve is providedY with two perforations 7flyand 75. The sleeve 70 itswithin a longitudinal-bore provided in av cylindrical casting 77.- The casting 77 is provided witha short horizontal shaft 78 and withlthree annular ridges 79, 80 and 81, forming the side Walls of two annular chambers 82 and 83. The wall of the cylinder 77 is provided with two perforations'84 and85 which f connect thechamber 76with the annular chambers' 82 and 83, respectively. The diameter of `the perfora- Vtions 84 and 85 is thesame as thatof perforations 7 4 and 7 5 in the sleeve 70 andare so located that when the sleeve is enclosed by casting 77 the two sets offholeswwill register.' Short sleeves 86,'the inside diameter ofv which is the same as that ofg84-and 85, and which project" above the:v bottom of chambers 82 and v83, are held in enlargements of apertures-84 and.85. T hefrylinder 77 is enclosed by and fastened to acylinder 87. 'A blade 60 projects radially fromcyli-n der 77 parallel with its longitudinal axis and opposite the apertures 811, 85. The blade (30 is substantially coextens'ive with cylinder 77 and projects the full-height of. chambers 82, The walls of-cylinder87fare pro-vided `with two pairsV ot' 'diametrically opposite perforations 88 and 89, the diameter of which fis the same asv the width of vthe annular chambers 82 and 83. Y Furthermore,

the'lcylinder 87 is provided ,with two pairs of V diametrically opposite; perforations and 91. The centersA of, perforations 88, 89 and 99, 91 are in aligmnenhbut the smaller peiiorations are not providedeXafctly midway between -tlie `two lpairs of larger-perfora- 'tions vThe distance between the"cen`ters.o`fl

the centers of 88 and Y91, 101:

The cylinder 87 V'fits within a-chamberfenperforations `90 and88 l'is 79"?, and between Vclosed by af cylinder 92; lThe'cylinder9`2 is provided withy two.A pairs of pe'r'fo'ations y casting :101.

v'alli 95of rthevcyl-inder `92A is perforated and shaped?y toform a bearingfthrough which the shaft .7.8.01 sleeve 77 projects.

The mixing device/is assembled by first assembling 70', 77, 87' and 92, and thenpositioning it. in seat member 59 'by means of pini (not shown), whereupon the whole fassembly is fastenedinto place by four screws 100e-d, by means of-.\vliich flange 95 of cylinder92'is heldagainst seat 97. The heads ofscrewsflOOc andd are countersunk. inthe flange, but'the headsfoflOOaand b project from then-ange. 70 and -92 are rigidly held againstthe head 3, and 77, 87 are rotatable with respect thereto.

` A casting 101seated. onshaft 78 encloses a coiled-spring 102 vwound around'the castingl One end of spring 102 terminates in aloop 103 and'the other end in an L-shaped taillOt. The casting 101v is provided with aj'ridge f105 from which two bosses 106 and 107 projectr The ridge 105'is provided with a plurality of slantingV notches 108 forreceiving the stem ofspring 102. The annular chamber 109,formed by casting101.r 105 is enclosed by a second casting 110 whichis held against 'shaft 78 by. means of a set Vscrew (not-shown). The casting M01-carries fan blades 112 and112`a fastened'thereto' by 120V-ofthe cylinderhead and-controlled in turn Aby the operatorsV throttle lever (not shown). `The wire 1-19 is attached tothe b'oss106vby.means ofa screw 118.

means-,of screws 113. The boss 106 ,has rib Y Therotation off101 is transmitted .to 110 by means of the wir-e102, the tail 104 ofwnich l projects within anY aperture in casting 110.

VThe lcasting v* is positioned with respect to thecast-ing 101 by means ot' apin 120 projecting `from -110 and Aengaging the slop- A ingfendfotalscrew-v115.heldfiin boss 107 of Y AttachedI to the casting 131 is a pla-te 130.

The-cylinderfl is boltedto .this casting 131 'tl-"- at-.132,'133,134and 135. The two push rods extendthroughlperforations' 138 and 139 in the` casting 131.7 The castingis provided. *with ridges Vforming substantially two parallelogramsZMOf andal/ll interconnectedlby *2"3 means of-afnarrow. ridge A142;, and ridges' 143 and 111%V terminating in a point Z145* midway betweenthe' channel'205.formed.by 140 and 141. A platefliris. fastened-,to ,thegcastng 131?v by. i means: of screws l, 147 1 engaging, the

ridges. The plate extends to the cylinder and is provided with two periiorations 148 and 149. The plate 146 is raised around the perforation 149 to torm a neck 150 on which fits pipe 151. The other end of pipe 151 is fastened by means of a screw 152 to a seat 59 formed in head 8. The opening 148 coin cides with an opening 153 in a casting 154 on which is mounted at 155 a blower 156 suitably carried in ball bearings and driven by means of a belt 157 irom the crankshaft or ot-her suitable source. I

The operation of the engine will now be described.

Assuming that the piston 200 in cylinder 1 is just descending, gasoline will be drawn from tank 201 through pipe 202 and thence through. channels 24, 25 past the needle valve 26 through channels 29, past needle valve 30, through tube 31 at the nozzle ot which it will be mixed with air rushing in past the needle valve 33 through the tube 32. The particles of gasoline suspended in' the air will be sent in a right-hand and lett-hand direction through the annular chamber 18, and by coming thus into contact with the hot cylinder head, will be completely vaporized by the time they reach chamber 57. Liquid particles that reach chamber 57 will flow back into contact with the cylinder head, owing to the slope at 58. Assuming that the throttle is wide open, air drawn in by the blower 156 is streaming into the channels 203, 204, and then turns at right angles into the channel 205 and through 153 into the outside atmosphere. Part of the air drawn through channel 205 will be diverted up through the pipe 151, owing to the suction exerted by the descending piston. Ipnasmuch as the passage of air from the outer atmosphere through 205 and 'then 151 is twice interrupted at substantially vrightangles. hard particles such as sand that f j .pose of the blade 60 is to insure that when `the* air intake port is restricted by the manipulation of the throttle, most'of'the air might be suspended in the air will, by their o wn momentum, continue to travel, drawn by the suction of the blower through channel 205 and 153. Such hard particles are aided in their tendency `to travel through the channel 205'by the 'fact that the channel 153 is tapering, whereby it acts as a Vent-uri tube and accelerates the movement of such heavy particles. air cleaner which, without the. use ot any Y screens. felt pads or the like, that need constant cleaning and adjustment,insures that air deprived of all hard gritty substances that might injure the cylinder walls, pass through the tube 151. Light particles, such as scraps of grass thatmight bev drawn through 151, lwillot course be destroyed by combustion and cannot, at any event, injure the cylinder.

Assuming that the .throttle is wide lopen and that therefore the carburetor is in the positionillustrated in 4, vair drawn up This arrangement constitutes an through openings 94 and 89 is divided by rib 60 into two equal columns Vand passes through annular chambers 82 andSBand thence upwards through openings 88 and This air is mixed at the nozzle ot sleeves 86 with gas drawn through openings 74, 75 and 84, 85. The intake valve 35 is opened at this time and the mixture ot' gasoline and air is suckedv into the cylinder. in the wellknown manner, upon the return movement ot' the piston 200, the mixture is compressed in the cylinder, the valve 85 being closed. At the proper instant aspark is produced at the points'oi the spark plugs and the compressed gasoline miXture is exploded, cans-` ing the return movement ci the piston 200. In the well-known manner, the exhaust valve 42 is opened at vthis time and the dead. .gases are permitted to escape through'the exhaust port 63. f

When the operator desires to slow down the engine he will press down wire 119, causing thus the casting 101 to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction (see Fig. 6). The rotation ot casting 101 is transmitted through the agency of spring 102 to the castingf110 and the latter, through the agency of the shaft 78 to which it is attached. will cause the rotation of sleeve 77 and cylinder 87 (see Figs 4 and 5). The further the shaft 78 is rotated. the smaller will `be the aperture through which air can enter at 89 and94. However, at the same time the opening through which gas can escape at 74 iscorrespondingly restricted, insuring thus that the ratio between pas and air. as predetermined bythe location and size of the variousapertures, be retained irrespective ot thetotal 'quantity of mixture sucked into the cylinder. The air vthat lis mixed withthe vaporized gasoline is not preheated', thereby the efiilciency ot the engineA is materially increased.

. As will be apparent from Fig. 5. the purbe forced to pass to the right ot sleeve 8,6, insuring thus proper intermixing `of the two gases.- The bladed60 Oilers sufficient re-` sistance tothe passage of air through what would befotherwise the wider channel.

It it is desired to stop the motor, then the operator continues to depress wire 119, causing the clockwiseY movement of 77, and 87 (Fig. 5). both openings 94 and 93 are vclosed and neither gas nor air isdelivered Yto theengine.

l-lowever, on account ofthe momentum oli the flywheel, thel engine might continue to' operate, causing the ignition of residualgases. In order to avoid the necessity of brakes, ignition;controllingV switches or the like, that would be otherwisel necessary to bring the engine to a deadV stop, the'device .is so arranged that vbycoi'itinuing the :ricevai A point will be reached 'where ment of the throttle in the same direction past the last mentioned closed position, the small apertures and 91 will register with the openings 93 and 94, drawing air through suoli openings into channels 82, 83 land thence into the cylinder head. Inasmuch as the aperture 74 is now closed by the wall of 77, no gas is delivered to the cylinder'. This will prevent further functioning of the engine.

Air drawn by the blower 156 over the cooling surfaces of the cylinder and the'head will impinge upon fan blades 112 and 1126i. When the air thus drawn past the blades 112 and 1126i attains a certain velocity, it turns, through the agency of these blades, the casting and therethrough 87 and 77 in a clockwise direction (Figs. 4 and 5), shutting off the gas supply to the cylinder. A1`he purpose of this arrangement is to prevent unnecessary racing of the engine which would occur, for instance, when the load is suddenly taken ofi' t-he engine.

What I claim is:

1. In a gasoline engine, a cylinder having cooling fins, a cylinder head having cooling fins and in contact with said cylinder, and screws forholding said head on said cylinder the longitudinal axes of which are at substantially right angles to the vertical axis of said cylinder.

2. ln a gasoline engine, a cylinder having cooling fins projecting therefrom, a rimprojecting therefrom, a cylinder head, and clamping screws projecting through the lower part of said head into engagement with one of said iins.

3. ln a gasoline engine, a cylinder head having a seat on the cylinder of the engine which consists of two rings fastened to the cylinder, the contacting surfaces of said rings being at different angles to the vertical axis of the cylinder.

4. ln a gasoline engine, a` cylinder head having a seat on the cylinder which consists of three rings fastened to the cylinder, the contacting surface of one ring being at an angle and the contacting surfaces of the other two rings being substantially parallel to the vertical axis of the cylinder.

5. ln a gasoline engine, a cylinder head having a seat on the cylinder which consistsV of a plurality of rings integral with the cylinder, the contacting surface of one ring being at an angle and the contacting surfaces of the other rings being parallel to the vertical axis of the cylinder.

6. In a gasoline engine, a` cylinder .having a bevelled rim, a cylinder head vhaving a sloping wall engaging said rim, a skirt on said head depending below saidsloping wall,

and projections on said cylinder with which said skirt contacts.

7. In a gasoline engine, a cylinder head having` a 'seat on a cylinder which consists of cooling rings fastened to the cylinder, and cooling fins projecting from the cylinder head the bases of which contact with said rings. f

S. ln a gasoline engine, a cylinder head having` a seat on a cylinder which consists of cooling rings integral withthe cylinder, and cooling iins projecting from the cylinder head and forming continuations of said rings.

S). ln a kgasoline engine, a cylinder having a seat on the engine which consists of two rings integral with the cylinder', the contacting surfaces of said rings being respectively at an angle and parallel to they vertical axis of thev cylinder, and kscrews project-ing through said cylinder head and engaging the parallel ring.

lO. 'In a gasoline engine, a cylinder, a plurality of fins projecting therefrom, said fins being of gradually increasing width towardthe mouth of the cylinder, a bevelled iin projecting at the end of the cylinder, two relatively short fins having straight ends proj ecting from the cylinder below said bevelled fin, a cylinder head, fins projecting therefrom, a sloping inside wall for said head contacting with said bevelled iin on the cylinder, two tins held by webs to said head and contacting with said two relatively short fins on the cylinder, apertures in some of said webs, and screws projecting through said apertures and engaging the lower surfaces of one of said relatively short iins, the longitudinal axes of said screws being at substantially right angles to the vertical axis of said cylinder. l

11. ln a gasoline engine having a valve enclosing box, spark plugs, gasoline vaporizer, carburetor and air intake port, a single casting comprising intake and exhaust valve seats, a seat for the valve enclosing box, seats for the spark plugs, for the gasoline vaporizer, carburetor and air intake port, and air cooling iins.

12. ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a flaring mouth, a cylinder head, two valves therein, the length of said head on the axis of the valves being greater than the diameter of the cylinder, its width narrower than its length and its section being outwardly tapering.

In testimony whereof, I have signed myl name to this specification, this 19th day of May, 1924.

' WILLIAM r. SMITH.

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